Stone


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Stone is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. This is a material used in construction since the Stone Age, and nowadays science cannot find another material as efficient as stone. Some of the many advantages that stone has are: durability, adaptability to sculptural treatment and it is used naturally. However, this material has disadvantages too, for example: it is difficult to quarry, transport and cut, it is weak in tension, expensive, unstable with load pushing at angles. There are a lot of ways to work the Stone, among which are found rubble, that is a broken stones of any shape bounded in mortar, and is the simplest and cheapest type. There is also the ashlar -masonry which consists of regularly cut blocks usually rectangular. For example the entablatures that are the upper sections of a classical order the rest on the capital of a column. In relation to bonding, it's just the weight of the stone that provides the stability to the buildings walls. Stone is a great construction material because it resists the most harsh weather conditions, without mentioning that is the cheapest and looks good naturally. Clearly, this material offers many benefits for the building and can be worked in different ways, for these reasons stone will remain one of the oldest and most widely used materials.

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**Worksheet 2**
Definition: broken stones of any shape bounded in mortar
 * The simplest and cheapest stonework is rubble; i.e., roughly

Description:

that the vertical joints in one course are not about the joints in the course above and below, since the stone resists deformation better than any bonding material.
 * The best stone (and brick) bonding is that in which blocks are placed so

Exemplification: rest on the capital of a column) of an ancient Greek temple, for example, were bonded by small bronze dowels.
 * The entablatures (the upper sections of a classical order that

Causes/effects: rest on the capital of a column) of an ancient Greek temple, for example, were bonded by small bronze dowels. But the weight creates problems of stability when loads push at an angle; stone vaults and arches require more support and buttressing than equivalent forms in other materials.
 * The entablatures (the upper sections of a classical order that

Comparison and contrast :


 * Stone vaults and arches require more support and buttressing than equivalent forms in other materials."

Chronology: Age, as exemplified by Stonehenge, in England
 * Stone has been consistently used for building since the Stone